Consequences of the Korean War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1799 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Korean War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Cold War was about how North Koreas leader Kim Il Sung desired to have communist while the South Koreans were against it. This horrific atrocity happened to take place in Korea on June 25th 1950. While the war had begun North Korea received plentiful help from Chinas leader Mao Zedong and while the US and the Soviet Unions took interest in helping the South Koreans who were all opposed to communism. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consequences of the Korean War" essay for you Create order During the Korean war 178,000 Americans were killed and 400,000 Chinese troops were also killed while fighting. During the war 373 k South Koreans were found to be killed and 1,550,000 North Koreans were also said to be killed. A large amount of soldiers who were both fighting from each side died after catching frostbites due to the cold, freezing weather. The Cold War began after having the North Korea invade South Korea. Since North Korea was more stronger and had more troops on their side Kim Il Sung decided to invade into South Korea and try to gain control of the Koreans peninsula. The Korean War (1950-1953) began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean Peoples Army poured across the 38th parallel. Kim Il Sung wanted to dominate the other half of the Korean peninsula. So in order to do that he first invaded South Korea and used Soviet tanks to be able to steal the supplies from South Korea. Mac Arthur decides to drop bombs across the Yalu river in order to stop the Chinese from sending supplies to North Korea. So when Mac Arthur did go as according to his plan it was successful. The U.S. dropped more bombs in Korea (635,000 tons, as well as 32,557 tons.) Since this happened it made the Korean War last longer which was three years later from then. Within three months of North Korea Within three months of North Koreas June 25, 1950 attack on South Korea, Kim Il-Sungs army had driven the southern forces and their U.N. allies down to a last-ditch defensive line on the southern coast of the peninsula, called the Pusan Perimeter. which is when Kim Il Su ng and his army comes across something called the Pusan perimeter and which is where they meet the South Koreans and also the US eye to eye. MacArthur thought of an idea of sending his army all the way to Inchon which is located in South Korea. On September 15, MacArthur sent his army to land on Inchon in order to gain control of supplies. Afterwards of when Mac Arthur and his army landed at Inchon he then desired to retake Seoul at the very instant chance he got. Then later on, North Korea decide to cross the 38th parallel and onto South Korea. During the Cold war between both the South and North Korea there were also set boundaries about the Korean peninsula and the 38th parallel where the line was created before the Cold War had first began. So afterwards the Pusan perimeter was also supposedly located in Pusan city heading towards South Korea. Inside the Pusan perimeter is where both South and North Korea met and were cornered. Since this incident occurred during the Kore an War, the Soviets leader Mac Arthur took control of over it and instead of heading towards Kim Il Sung and his army, Mac Arthur took the longer way which was around the Pusan perimeter in order to avoid the North Koreans due to themselves of having less people and unfit soldiers for service. Mac Arthur decides to both take Seoul and Pyongyang which was located in North Korea. So after what happened with North Korea Mac Arthur decides to take things into his own hands and while he was trying to do that it went well according to however his plan was. While this atrocity was happening in October 19 Pyongyang was also then being captured by South Koreans and the US and also the Soviet Unions. Afterwards of having to land onto Inchon and retaking Seoul and also stealing Pyongyang from North Korea. Maos government was not willing to have the U.N. forces on his border, however, so when the southern troops reached the Yalu River, China intervened on Kim Il-Sungs side. Despite of that the South Koreans didnt care and headed across the Yalu river in order to face the North Koreans one on one and take away their properties. South Korea and UN troops mass along Yalu River, the North Korea/China border. South Koreans decide to go across the 38th parallel and across the Yalu River and on to North Korea where their enemies lie at. From now on South Korea may have seemed to have more power than North Korea and their plans seemed to be going good as they thought it would be. Since this atrocity already happened South Korea seemed to gain more control over the entire Korean peninsula and seemed to be reaching their goal by eliminating communism. It was a war to liberate the North from the communists. So the Soviet Unions leader Mac Arthur didnt want communism so which was why he also desired to help the South Koreans who were also against it too. After having North Korea invade into South Korea the South koreans were angry with North Korea and which was also the reason of having the US drop bombs into Korea. Due to this matter happening during the Cold War the South koreans had both Pyongyang and Seoul but the North koreans were more better at preparing for the war and had better supplies and weapons. During this war there were weapons that were being used both by the South and North Korea. Such as enfield #2, Ceska Zbrojovka vz. 26, and also M1 (Bazooka), rifle guns and grenades and artillery systems, etc which were used as weapons in order to defeat one another during the Cold War. Artillery systems during the war were used to fire from far away which can aim quite quickly, accurately. While the grenades were being used with bombs to destroy Korea during the time. Also the soldiers from each of the side had weapons that they carried such as rifle guns and the M1 Bazooka and etc. During the war was happening like I said the weather changed from hot to freezing cold and the soldiers were dying from getting frostbites because of the weather being below 0 celcius. Also there were a large amount of Americans and Chinese and Russian and Koreans from both North and South that were being killed and wounded or injured due to the matter of this war. While the South Koreans and the Soviet Unions and the US were trying to cross the Yalu River and on to North Korea and so they couldnt this time. Mao Zedong wouldnt allow them to cross his border which is the Yalu River so he notifies them to go back to their territory which is South Korea. Which is when both Mao Zedong and Kim Il Sung have a chance to recapture Seoul again from the South Koreans and the Soviet Unions which took place during March 14 1951 which happened to be one year later from when the w ar first began. Later on when its 1953 the year of when the Cold War ended, both South and North Korea decided to put a pause to their fighting. After the Korean war and fighting against each other they both came across the 38th parallel which was the line that was made before the war even began. So then both parties decided to put a stop to the war but it also didnt mean that they were going to be allies then and now. Both sides were really determined to stop fighting and wanted to put the fighting to a complete end. During the year of 1951-1953 many soldiers had died and were injured and also lost limbs from each nation in order to protect their territory and leaders. Due to this pointless war happening many people died and there were lots of hate and disagreement. While the war continued but was about to end which was during 1953. After both the South and North Korea were fighting they both came to a stop which was declared at the 38th parallel which is then and still located at the same spot which is the border between South and North Korea which meets the line across the 38th parallel. From 1951-1953 which the Cold war had lasted for 3 years. After the three years of fighting against each other North Korea was able to take Pyongyang and South Korea had the chance to take Seoul and make it into South Koreas own city. Both parties were able to take back what was supposedly theirs. During the end of the battle in 1953 which was three years later. Since this horrific atrocity once happened between the South and North Korea they finally both came to a conclusion where they were determined to put an end to the fighting and the Cold War. So by putting an end to the three painful, devastating, and horrible years of the terrible atrocity which is t hen and still called the Korean War. Both South and North Korea desired to sign an armistice which was at the time of 1953. After the war had started the two parties ended at the same spot which is called the 38th parallel which then and still is the border that crosses both South and North Korea. The war dragged on until July of 1953, when it ended in a stalemate with the peninsula divided once more along the 38th Parallel. So in 1953 the Korean War had finally stopped and Korea was then to be divided into two separate nations. There was a demilitarized zone that was being created in order for both nations to have peace. North Korea faces South Korea across a demilitarized zone(DMZ) 2.5 miles (4 km) wide that was established by the terms of the 1953 armistice that ended fighting in the Korean War (1950â€Å"53). The demilitarized zone crosses the 38th parallel and which is where the border remains at. Both countries would remain independent and the border would remain at the 38th parallel. The armistice was supposedly a treaty which was to end the Cold War. This armistice took place in 1953 where both nations were declared that they had signed it and which supposedly ended the War. After the Cold War had finally ended there was a new border which was made to give peace and space for each nation. This new border that was created gave both the nations their own territory which had concluded to providing peace for one another. Lastly, at the end Korea was supposedly divided into 2 independent nations.

Prevention And Prevention Of Infectious Diseases - 881 Words

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Consideration Adequate or Commercially Realistic

Question: Discuss about the Consideration Adequate or Commercially Realistic. Answer: Introduction In Australia, to make any valid contract, the basic ingredients that are required are agreement (offer plus acceptance), consideration, legal intention and capacity of the parties. Though all elements are very important but amongst all consideration is one of the significant elements which are required in any contract formation[1]. In this present essay, the definition of consideration is evaluated. An attempt is also made to understand as what a valid consideration comprises off. Whether it is sufficiency of the consideration that makes it valid or whether it is its adequacy that makes any consideration legal in law? This theme of the essay is grounded with case laws and various primary and secondary sources of law. Now, the foremost issue that requires analysis is the brief understating on the law of consideration. Elements of contract One of the significant Element of Law - Consideration As already discussed the basic ingredients that are required are agreement (offer plus acceptance), consideration, legal intention and capacity of the parties. Consideration is one of the significant elements in contract formation. The concept of consideration was evaluated in English cases which were later followed by the Australian courts in order to give edge to the contract and their enforceability. In Currie v Misa[2], Lush J submitted that consideration can be some kind of profit, interest, rights or benefit which can be gained by one party or it can be some kind of detriment, forbearance, responsibility or loss which is endured by some other party[3]. In Australia, the basic requirements for the presence of valid considerations are; Firstly, a consideration of past nature is invalid in law[4]; secondly, it must always move from the promisee or claimant[5]; Thirdly, every kind of consideration should not be against the policy of the public, immoral or illegal[6]; Fourthly, the promisor must always make some kind of request to the promisee; Fifthly, there must be sufficiency of consideration. In Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co[7], it was analyzed that any gain to the promisor or any loss to the promisee is consideration regardless of its adequacy. The only requirement is that it must have some value in the eyes of law; Sixthly, performance of an existing duty is not a valid consideration in law[8].[9] So, it can be submitted that consideration is nothing but something of value in the eyes of law which is moved from the promisor to the promisee to support the promises that are exchanged amid the parties. Every valid consideration causes some kind of loss to the promisee for which the promisor is promising to pay some kind of gain or benefit. From the above essentials it is clear that consideration must be sufficed but need not be adequate. But, to authenticate this statement with the help of case laws, it is first important to understand some fundamental terminologies that are related to the word consideration, that is, nominal, illusionary, inadequate, sufficient consideration. All these terms will help in understating the true nature of the term consideration. Nature of consideration whether it is sufficiency or adequacy Illusionary and inadequate consideration As already discussed, in the leading case of Currie v Misa[10] consideration was defined as some kind of profit, interest, rights or benefit which can be gained by one party or it can be some kind of detriment, forbearance, responsibility or loss which is endured by some other party[11]. Thus, the consideration must move at the desire of the claimant or the promisee. From the basic understanding on the elements of consideration, it is also crystal clear that a consideration should not be illegal, immoral or against public policy. In law, any promise to act or not to act which is based on consideration should be of some kind of substance. A consideration should not be illusionary, such as, a promise to do an act which is legally imposed[12] or to perform an existing duty[13] or uncertain or vague promise[14]. It is settled law in Wigan v Edwards[15] that any consideration which is illusionary in nature and which has no substance in law has no relevance and is not a consideration in la w at all. Thus, an illusionary consideration is neither sufficient nor adequate; rather it is no consideration at all[16]. Thus, it is clear that illusionary consideration has no relevance in law. It is neither sufficient nor adequate to gave meaning to the conceit that what kind of consideration is valid in law, it is sufficient or adequate, because an illusionary consideration is no consideration at all. However, an illusionary consideration is different from inadequate consideration.As an illusionary consideration is no consideration at all, an inadequate consideration is something which is not equivalent to the actual price for the act or forbearance. But, whether an inadequate consideration is valid or not is discussed in Woolworths Ltd v Kelly[17] where it was held that the courts are not interested in the inadequacy of the consideration. The only requirement is that the consideration should be legal and not illusionary. Thus, that means that the courts are submitting that there is no requirement for any adequacy of the consideration. Does that mean that the only requirement is that consideration should be sufficient? This statement can only be evaluated by understating the fundamental principle behind nominal consideration and then moving ion to analyze the when sufficient considerations were held to be valid. Nominal consideration In the contract law, a consideration should not be illusionary or illegal but a nominal consideration was held to be valid in the eyes of law. The court has held that the feelings, emotions, etc are not good consideration in the eyes of law. But, even a nominal or small amount of consideration to support the promises was held to be valid in law. In Thomas v Thomas[18], the court has held the repairs and rent even though are very negligible but still hold good consideration to support the promises that are exchanged amid the promisor and the promisee. It was held that a nominal consideration is valid in law and is enforceable in law[19]. So, after having a brief analyzing that a consideration can be nominal but cannot be illusionary and considering the fact that the courts are not interested in taking any kind of heed on the inadequacy of the consideration, it is now time to actually understand as to what amounts to a valid consideration. When a consideration is legal in law, only when it is adequate or only a sufficient consideration is also enough to support a contract and make it enforceable. Sufficiency of consideration - valid in law A consideration is a significant element in the formation of contract. It is a must to make any contract enforceable. But, it has been found with the help of series of cases that the courts are not reluctant in establishing that a sufficient consideration is enough to make a contract valid. But what is sufficient consideration in law. Sufficiency of consideration submits that the consideration have some value in law regardless of the fact what its monetary value is? The consideration to support the promises may not be equivalent to the actual price of the contract but till the time the consideration has some value in the eyes of law, it was held to be sufficient and is enough to make the contract enforceable. A promise to support another promise is found to a valid sufficient consideration to make the contracts enforceable[20]. Validity of sufficiency of consideration is not a new concept and can be found in an age old principle which was decided in 1602 in a popular case called Pinnels case, wherein it was decided by the courts that if any party pay a nominal amount of money for the settlement of the full claim then the same can also be regarded as enough consideration to make the promises enforceable in law. There is no requirement for the consideration to be adequate to support the promises. The courts have given legality to the concept of sufficiency of consideration[21]. The rule was reciprocated in 1880 and courts has given due recognition when a nominal amount is considered to be sufficient consideration against the settlement of full amount[22]. But, later, the sufficiency of consideration is not restricted to some nominal amount of money. But, the courts have given regard to the acts of the promisee to be considered as sufficient consideration to support the contracts. The court held that if one pa rty loses his liberty against an agreed amount then the act of losing liberty is considered to be sufficient consideration in eyes of law even though it is not adequate[23]. Also, a minimal amount to lure the promisee to carry out tasks was held to be sufficient consideration in the eyes of law and to hold the contract valid amid the parties. a consideration of 1 per week by the promisor to the promisee so that promisee takes care of the child was found sufficient though not adequate in the eyes of law[24]. The concept of sufficient was given due recognition in 1960 in the leading case of Chappel v Nestles[25]. In this case, one company submitted that if any person provides a postal order of1 shilling along with three shillings, then, that will amount to be sufficient consideration and such person will get a prize of a record. The court established that even though the wrappers are worthless and is not an adequate consideration but still it has sufficiency and holds valid in the eyes of law. All the above cases proves one significant point, that is, in law, in order to consider any consideration valid, what is required is not the adequacy of the consideration as the same is very subjective in nature and varies with person to person, but, what is required is the sufficiency of consideration and is more than enough to hold any contract valid in the eyes of law. But, even the concept of sufficiency has its own loopholes which are submitted herein below. Concerns over the current law The major concern over the current law on consideration, that is, there is no need for adequacy of consideration rather a sufficient consideration is enough to hold the contract valid in law, can be evaluated by discussing two major cases. In Chappel v Nestles Ward v Byham case, the courts submitted that even a sufficient consideration is valid in law (chocolate wrappers were found to be a valid consideration and a very small quantity amount of money for the happiness of the child). But, a promise to stop another party from complaining is not found to be sufficient consideration to hold the contract valid[26].So, the courts are themselves are not unanimous in their own approach[27]. Conclusion It is thus concluded that consideration can be some kind of profit, interest, rights or benefit which can be gained by one party or it can be some kind of detriment, forbearance, responsibility or loss which is endured by some other party. The presence of consideration is must to hold any contract valid in the eyes of law. It is one of the significant elements in the eyes of law. But, the true nature of consideration is what makes it valid in the eyes of law. From the series of cases it is concluded that a valid consideration need not be adequate in the eyes of law. What is required is that the consideration should have some sufficiency in the eyes of law even when the same is not equivalent to the promises that are exchanged amid the parties. It is not important that the consideration must be much or adequate in nature, the only requirements is that it has some relevance in the eyes of law to make it valid and enforceable in law. References Books/Articles/Journals E Clark, Cyber Law in Australia (2010), Kluwer Law International. LA Bygrave, consideration, 2013, JUS5260 Spring 2013 Consideration . McKendrick Liu, Contract Law: Australian Edition (2015), p 89, Palgrave Macmillan. The law Teacher, Analysing The Doctrine Of Consideration In Law 2016. Tutorhunt, should consideration be abolished?, 2017. Case Laws Alliance Bank Ltd v. Broom (1864). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893]. Collins vGodefrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950 Chappel v Nestles [1960]. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. Dunton v Dunton (1892)Pinnel's Case (1602). Roscorla v. Thomas (1842) Stilk v Myrick[1809] EWHC KB J58 Tweddle v. Atkinson (1861). Thomas v Thomas (1842). Wyatt v. Kreglinger and Fernau (1933). Williams v. Williams (1957). Ward v Byham [1956] Woolworths Ltd v Kelly (1991) 22 NSWLR 189. White v Bluett(1853) 23 LJ Ex 36 Wigan v Edwards (1973) 47 ALJR 586. E Clark, Cyber Law in Australia (2010), Kluwer Law International. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. McKendrick Liu, Contract Law: Australian Edition (2015), p 89, Palgrave Macmillan. Roscorla v. Thomas (1842). Tweddle v. Atkinson (1861). Wyatt v. Kreglinger and Fernau (1933). Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (1893). Williams v. Williams (1957). LA Bygrave, consideration, 2013, JUS5260 Spring 2013 Consideration. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. Collins vGodefrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950. Stilk v Myrick[1809] EWHC KB J58. White v Bluett(1853) 23 LJ Ex 36. Wigan v Edwards (1973) 47 ALJR 586. W Twyford, The Doctrine of Consideration 2002, University of technology, Sydney. Woolworths Ltd v Kelly (1991) 22 NSWLR 189. Thomas v Thomas (1842). The law Teacher, Analysing The Doctrine Of Consideration In Law 2016. Alliance Bank Ltd v. Broom (1864). Pinnel's Case (1602)[22] Couldery v Bartrum (1880).[23] Dunton v Dunton (1892). Ward v Byham [1956] Chappel v Nestles [1960]. White v Bluett(1853) 23 LJ Ex 36. Tutorhunt, should consideration be abolished?, 2017.

The Life Of Mao Zedong Essays - Mao Zedong, Anti-capitalism

The Life Of Mao Zedong The Life of Mao Zedong Dressed in the drab military uniform that symbolized the revolutionary government of Communist China, Mao Zedong's body still looked powerful, like an giant rock in a gushing river. An enormous red flag draped his coffin, like a red sail unfurled on a Chinese junk, illustrating the dualism of traditional China and the present Communist China that typified Mao. 1 A river of people flowed past while he lay in state during the second week of September 1976. Workers, peasants, soldiers and students, united in grief; brought together by Mao, the helmsman of modern China. 2 He had assembled a revolutionary government using traditional Chinese ideals of filial piety, harmony, and order. Mao's cult of personality, party purges, and political policies reflect Mao's esteem of these traditional Chinese ideals and history. Mao was born on December 26, 1893 in Shao Shan, a village in Hunan Province. 3 His family lived in a rural village where for hundreds of years the pattern of everyday life had remained largely unbroken. 4 Mao's father, the son of a poor peasant, during Mao's childhood however, prospered and become a wealthy land owner and rice dealer. 5 Yet, the structure of Mao's family continued to mirror the rigidity of traditional Chinese society. His father, a strict disciplinarian, demanded filial piety. 6 Forced to do farm labor and study the Chinese classics, Mao was expected to be obedient. On the other hand, Mao remembers his mother was generous and sympathetic. 7 Mao urged his mother to confront his father but Mao's mother who believed in many traditional ideas replied that was not the Chinese way. 8 Mao in his interviews with historian Edgar Snow reports how during his childhood he tried to escape this traditional Chinese upbringing by running away from home. The rebellion Mao claims to have manifested might have distanced Mao physically from his family but, traditional Chinese values were deeply ingrained, shaping his political and personal persona. His father's harshness with dealing with opposition, his cunning, his demand for reverence from subordinates, and his ambition were to be seen in how Mao demanded harmony, order, and reverence as a ruthless dictator. Yet, Mao, was also the kindly father figure for the people of China, as manifested in characteristic qualities of Mao's mother: kindness, benevolence, and patriarchal indulgence. The China that Mao was born into was fast becoming a shell of its former past. The Ch'ing dynasty which had ruled China for 250 years was only 14 years away from its collapse. 9 Peasant rebellions, famines, and riots heralded its failing. For Mao, one particular event when he was just ten years old, left a lasting impression. It both symbolized the deterioration of order in Chinese traditional society and was in sharp contrast to principles of harmony. A group of local villagers rioted for food during a famine in 1903. The leaders were captured, beheaded, and their heads displayed on poles as a warning for future rebels. 10 Amidst the change that quaked the Chinese nation and Mao's family's economic situation, 11 Mao sought solace in books about Chinese history and its emperors. 12 He became known in his family as, the scholar. As a child [I was] fascinated by accounts of the rulers of ancient China: Yao, Shun, Ch'in Shih Huang Ti, and Hu Wu Ti, and read many books about them. 13 Indeed, the emperors grandeur, elegance and power were a sharp contrast to the brutish leaders that Mao was exposed to during his childhood. 14 Yao and Shun are credited with forming the first Chinese society in the Yellow River Valley; Ch'in Shih Huang Ti unified the Chinese empire and built the Great Wall of China; Han Wu Ti solidified the foundation of the Han Empire. 15 In the turmoil that China was to undergo, particularly after Mao became the head of the Communist party, we will see how he was guided by traditional Chinese values and the history of the emperors provided him with a map for the future. 16 However, at first, he did not seem strongly focused on history or philosophy. During the next ten years, 1909-1918, Mao drifted. In 1909 at the age of 16, he left home to attend school in Hsiang. 17 In 1911, he enlisted in the Army for six months after which he moved to Changsha the capital of Hunan Province where he stayed until 1918. 18 While in Changsha, he tried numerous schools. 19 Finally, he enrolled at the Hunan Normal School, graduating in 1918. 20 Mao's mother's died in 1918,

Knowledge Management at Etisalat Corporation

Knowledge management is an array of procedures that control the formation, distribution, and use of information. Knowledge management value chain comprise of four stages these are, knowledge acquisition, storage, dissemination, and application. Knowledge is an intangible firm’s asset. Therefore, its use requires adequate control (Wake, 2010). This paper discusses knowledge management at Etisalat Corporation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management at Etisalat Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Knowledge creation Reflectively, â€Å"knowledge acquisition or creation is the first step of knowledge management. Knowledge acquisition comes about after interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge in individual human minds† (Wallace, 2007). Knowledge moves from human mind to the organization. Team work is essential in creating knowledge. Since in these forums, companies acquire k nowledge from employees. At Etisalat Corporation relies on data mining for creation of knowledge. It uses data mining techniques and software to obtain customers information. Also, the company also uses neural networks in speech recognition and image analysis. The company makes use of experts in knowledge management to help in knowledge discovery. In addition, the company creates knowledge using knowledge work systems such as CAD and VRML. These systems aid employees in creation and integration of new knowledge in the organization. Finally, the company owns Etisalat Corporate Social Responsibility Centre. The objective of this center is â€Å"knowledge creation in areas of areas of corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, business ethics, and work life balance through research† (Etisalat CSR Centre, 2012). Knowledge storage Knowledge storage takes place in different ways. It can either be in soft or hard copies. Storage can be as simple as keeping information in books. Etisalat Corporation stores information in databases. At the company, storage keeps knowledge created visible. Besides, it enhances resource base of the organization. This improves competitive advantage of Etisalat. In addition, storage supports the company with up to date and accurate market intelligence for other departments. This ensures that they have the best sources for investment decisions. Finally, storage helps the company in handling vast information they receive on a daily basis. This ensures smooth running of the business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knowledge dissemination Companies use various ways to distribution information across the organization such as search engines, collaboration tools, e-mails, and portals. Dissemination of information need should be properly managed so that correct information is directed to the intended staff members (Wall ace, 2007). Etisalat Corporation uses intranet and groupware tools to disseminate information. In addition, the company makes use of seminars and workshops. Knowledge from management is received in a number of ways such as intranet, staff meeting forums, employees meetings. Often, â€Å"some of the information management disseminate are changes in procedures and policies, changes in daily routines and major changes in the organization that affects employees and the business as a whole† (Wallace 2007). Etisalat Corporation has a knowledge management department. The department controls dissemination of information using security controls. This ensures that employees access what is relevant for their line of duty. Knowledge application Knowledge application is the use of knowledge in decision making process. It aims adding value to the organization by coming up with new products, new business practices and new markets. Etisalat gains a lot from the knowledge management departmen t. The department provides adequate information on market surveys and customer information. It facilitates growth of the company. Currently, the company has appearance in 18 countries across Africa, Middle East and Asia. The company is also a leader in provision of new products in the market. For instance, the company is â€Å"pioneering the launch of the first commercial 4G service on its nation-wide LTE network and promises to deliver a compelling mobile broadband experience to customers† (Etisalat Corporation, 2012). Based on innovation, the company is ranked tenth in the world. It indicates that the company is successful in making use of knowledge. References Etisalat Corporation. (2012). Company profile. Retrieved from https://www.etisalat.com/en/about/profile/company-profile.jspAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management at Etisalat Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Etisalat CSR Centre. (2012). Overview. Retrieved from https://www.lbs.edu.ng/ Wake, W. (2010). Knowledge creating company. Retrieved from https://xp123.com/articles/tag/xp/ Wallace, D. (2007). Knowledge management: Historical and cross-disciplinary themes. United States of America: Greenwood publishing Group. This essay on Knowledge Management at Etisalat Corporation was written and submitted by user Abby Hines to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Buddhist

like Spanish or Italian. For the language itself, the Chinese language is very different then any other language in the word. But u can say the same thing for every other language in the word because not one language is the same. But still the Chinese language is still very strange. The Chinese language is spoken in a lot of smaller Chinese languages but not as well known like mandarin and Cantonese. For example most people from Taiwan, which is the republic of china, speaks Taiwanese also. But still most Chinese peopl... Free Essays on Buddhist Free Essays on Buddhist The country being studied now is China. China’s culture is very different from the other types of cultures of the world. I picked this country because it is where my parents and family was born, this is giving me a chance to explore my roots and see where my family had experienced while they were there growing up. The Chinese language is very different from English or Spanish or most countries around the world. Because even if you have the word on a piece of paper you might not even know what it means. But if someone says the word out loud then people might know how to say it. The form of writing is very complex to write, there are a lot of lines and curves you must write in order to write one word in Chinese. It is even hard to pronounce the Chinese words because some words can sound the same but also mean something completely different. The numbers ancient Chinese people used were not the ones we use in our western civilization, the numbers even looks like the words except t he number of lines drawn to show the number is a lot less. There are actually two types of Chinese characters, the first is the way to pronounce the word itself and this form of Chinese writing is a lot similar to the western civilization’s way of the alphabet. The other form of Chinese writing is the words itself, the words are written very differently then in the western civilizations. The writing doesn’t use our alphabet to make up the words like Spanish or Italian. For the language itself, the Chinese language is very different then any other language in the word. But u can say the same thing for every other language in the word because not one language is the same. But still the Chinese language is still very strange. The Chinese language is spoken in a lot of smaller Chinese languages but not as well known like mandarin and Cantonese. For example most people from Taiwan, which is the republic of china, speaks Taiwanese also. But still most Chinese peopl...

An analysis of the United Arab Emirates banking sector Research Paper

An analysis of the United Arab Emirates banking sector - Research Paper Example In the present day context, the role played by the UAE banking sector can be observed as quite significant for the country’s elevating economic growth rate, both in the micro and macro environments. The banking sector of UAE offers a range of financial products and services targeting both the domestic group of customers and the international clients. Additionally, the recent banking scenario of the country has been witnessed to experience an increasing competition owing to enhanced product innovation requirements and availability of various substitute products/services (Arab News, 2012). Concerning the recent alterations of the industry scenario owing to the impact of the recent global financial turmoil, continuous influence of globalization and altering customer preferences, it can be assumed that the strategies considered by the banks in UAE have changed dramatically towards gaining better flexibility, competency and sustainability. With this concern, the discussion of this report will be focused on comparing two major banking corporations operating in UAE, i.e. Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank (ADIB) and Commercial Bank International (CBI). Hereby, the discussion will emphasize on five most common banking services, i.e. savings account, travel loans, car loans, education loans as well as home or construction loans to comprehensively explain the differences in both the banks’ strategies. Comparison between Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank (ADIB) and Commercial Bank International (CBI) Savings Account The banking corporations have been highly focused on delivering a range of financial products and services to an extended number of consumers in order to provide financial benefits. With this concern, the services rendered by today’s banking industry through savings account has been one of the common and most successful services to gain customer satisfaction by dealing with the client’s deposit amounts. The service is also identified to facilitate the cus tomers in obtaining a security assurance of the deposited balance providing the partial benefits of a fixed account along with the benefits of a current account to withdraw any specific amount at frequent intervals through an easier transaction process (Ayub, 2008). GhinaSaving Account (ADIB) In the context of ADIB, the banking institution focuses on offering effective and beneficial services for the clients. Ghina’s savings account service offers secure and safe access to the account by the authorized person in terms of making any transactions. To open Ghina saving account, the customer must deposit minimum of AED 20,000 and directly the customer will receive a welcome entry coupon (electronic coupon). The electronic coupon will enter the client to two monthly draws of AED 10,000 prizes to 20 winners which held on the 2nd and 4th Thursday of every month. After collecting four coupons the customer will be able to enter the grand draw of AED 2 million and AED 500,000 every fou r months. The client can receive extra electronic coupon for every deposit of AED 20,000 and maintain it for a calendar month. If the account balance is less than 20,000 the customer will lose all his coupons. The profit on Ghina saving acc

The Return of Depression Economics and The Crisis of 2008 Essay

The Return of Depression Economics and The Crisis of 2008 - Essay Example The book draws parallel between the great depression and 2008 financial crisis and it explores depression economics through lenses of the Japan’s Lost Decade and 1997 Asian financial crisis (Krugman, 45). In the book, he analyzes the history of market crashes, like the panic of 1907 and the Tequila Crash in the mid-1990s; through demonstrating how banks exposed themselves too much risk, hence resulting to loss of confidence thereby causing capital fight and panic. In The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008; Krugman warns that, just like a disease can become resistant to a vaccine, the economic difficulties that lead to great depression have made a comeback in the global economy. He argues that the 2008 financial crisis is because of the failure to properly regulate the financial sector thereby turning around the world economy hence deep recession. Through this book readers can understand the history of financial crisis, its effects and possible resolutions th e current financial problems. There were major financial crisis prior to 2008 financial crises. These include: the 1907 panic, the Great Depression, the Latin American Crisis of mid 1990s. The Savings and loans problems of the 80s, the Japan’s lost Decade and the Asian flu of the late 90s. ... Loss of confidence played a big role in fueling these financial crises. To get the economy moving especially during economic booms, the economic agents have a great deal of confidence, so much that large bets are placed on the prediction of continued success during the economic expansion. But a financial crisis starts with a minor change that reduces the level of confidence, hence leading to economic panics. The power of speculators can be felt in all aspects of the economy especially when there has been a collapse in confidence. Krugman demonstrates that speculators always hedge funds; however they rarely do much in the way of equivocation. Their main focus is to make profit and they are willing to do so whenever such opportunity presents itself even if it means sacrificing the welfare of the entire community. They leveraged their positions up to 100 to 1 with an aim of devaluing the country’s currency for their own benefit. Their basic strategy is to exploit markets by short ing safer assets and then buying the riskier assets. However, when the market faces a financial crisis, these hedgers and speculators will create trades that will alter the stability of a nation’s financial markets with the local currency being the targeted element. The devaluation of the currency will cause great pain and hardship to the citizens but this social cost is not relevant to the speculators. According to Krugman, the hedge funds are in most situations unregulated and the speculators take the necessary actions to stay away from the regulators (Krugman, 108). The shadow banking system also parallels the speculators in fueling the financial crisis. In both cases, the profit maximization was the motivator. Leverage was used at mind boggling levels each

Nora therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is cultural consideration Essay

Nora therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is cultural consideration - Essay Example In the case of Nora, the most important determinants of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship would be cultural considerations and the nature of the nurse-patient rapport, which is dependent on effective communication. Communication between the nurse and the patients facilitates the transfer of information, concerns, queries and expectations between the two parties. If knowledge regarding the disease course, the treatment modalities available, and the post-hospitalization course is transferred effectively to the patient, it can result in greater patient satisfaction as the patient is well informed about what to expect (McQueen, 2000). Moreover, it also enables the patients to develop their trust in the nurses and helps in mitigating any existing anxiety or stress on the part of the patient (Kirk, 2007). Such communication can be achieved if the nurses posses effective communication skills, such as displaying empathy, active listening and use of non-verbal gestures in order to ma ke the patient comfortable and to establish a good rapport (Jasmine, 2009; Chant, Jenkinson, Randle, & Russell, 2002).

Directors Duties Problem Question

Directors Duties Problem Question The establishment of Shine Ltd was with the sole intent to produce industrial solvents and cleaning solutions. Appointment of the office of managing director was given to John to cover that post. During this course, the company acquired an agreement with XYZ plc a conglomerate. While still under the directorship of John the company came up with a new super glue. In his capacity as a director, he presented this to the manager with the hope that it would be supported, and the production would continue since he felt it would be a lucrative business. The board of trustees were however of a different opinion, and they ended up rejecting the project. The managing director of XYZ plc is a friend of John, and so he disclosed their intentions not to renew their contract with Shine Ltd. Their reason was that the partnership had not born as much success as they had hoped. He would, however, continue his dealings with John if only he were not attached to Shine Ltd. With this in mind, he resigned and instead formed his company, Flush Ltd. A company that later partnered with XYZ plc. The company also took up the project of manufacturing the glue Shine Ltd board of directors had rejected, and it has proved very profitable. The corporate opportunity dictates that the director is not allowed to take for themselves any business opportunity that otherwise would have been beneficial to the corporation. It falls within the fiduciary duty of loyalty applications. The conditions in the act are clearly stipulated. It becomes limited to the Director, officers, and controlling shareholders (Esser, 2007). The act specifies that it is applicable whether the transaction harms the corporation. That is to say should the director go against this rule in the process make the cooperation benefit it does not mean he gets exempted from having broken particular law. The other part of this rule is that the corporation should not have obtained information regarding the opportunity that was presented. In the case where the board is aware and declines to take the opportunity then the fiduciary would take the opportunity for himself. Should the rule apply however the corporation becomes entitled to the profit earning for the fid uciary from the transaction? Having considered all the activities that took place in case study this particular rule might not apply to John. While being the director of Shine Ltd, he took the idea to the board of trustees and following the rules stipulated in the Company act that would have been his responsibility. In this case, both John and the board of directors were aware of opportunity yet the board choose to ignore. With this in mind, it then becomes apparent that the opportunity would now belong to John. However, that does not mean that he gets to walk (Lowry, 2009). Section 170 deals with the responsibility of the director of an organization. In as much as they are given the top most job, this section dictates what is expected of them from the daily operation of the group. Section 174 deals with the responsibility of the director to exercise care, skill and diligence. Their knowledge needs to be such that they are helpful to the organization. The manager has to handle the activities of the organization about his or her skills in that position. A factor also emphasized in Section 175. The part worth highlighting would be the second rule that specifies that it would be in conflict of interest to exploit information or opportunity gotten as a result of the position they hold in the company. Section 176 talks about Duty not to accept benefits from third parties. Of note is the second part where the aspect of the third party gets explained into details. Anyone who falls within the organization as a partner of an associate falls within this section. S ection 177 deals with the responsibility of the organizations director who might find himself in a conflict of interest. He has to offer the board with a declaration letter to announce the presence of a conflict of interest before they get to discover on their own. Section 178 deals with the consequences of a breach of duty. It highlights that the section 171 to 177 having the same kind of punishment should the director have breached that contract. However, section 174 makes the management have an open idea concerning what can pass as a breach of contract since it is a section open to interpretation. Section 180 deals with the parts that can be considered to be in a position to assume. Having examined the effects and the position that they take make them be applicable or be ignored depending on the location. Examining the case studies the duties mentioned above of the director were never fulfilled by John in his capacity as director of the organization. He stands liable for all accounts of the negligence of functions of the Director. He exploited the chances that they had to make better the body and instead used this privilege to gain as an individual. The company is on the right to take legal action concerning the negligence of duties as director. The seems to be a violation of the equitable principle. That means that the data collected from the manager was wrongfully acquired. The breach of confidence in the English law gives room for a person to claim compensation for the violation of trust. The responsibility of the manager to have the clause of confidence falling within his doctrines translates to having a civil complaint. The rule applies specifically to situations where it would be unfair should the information be revealed. There exist three very fundamental aspects that would determine if a breach has taken place. Before ruling out that the case is worth being given a civil claim the three rules need to get approved to have existed. The information that is being shared should contain a certain degree of confidence. That is to say, it gets classified as being confidential. The provision of the information falls into the category of imposing on the application of obligation confidence. The information received was unautho rized when being used (Payne, 2008). Considering the case study provided it is clear that the above conditions were all fulfilled. Working as the director of Shine Ltd the information that he shared with his friend would best fit this category. The information should not have been disclosed to anyone since the company owned it. While the information was being given he was working as the director of Shine. While there seems to be no documentation on the issue of permission to use this product for profit. Lack of proper authority to present the solution in this case ruling out the possibility that the process was ever legal (Payne, 2008). Section 178 talks about the enforcement of the laws that govern the directors duties. In cases where the company has incurred losses due to the actions of the director then he becomes liable as a person. The director is to be made to restore the property of the company should he have lead to the destruction of any other property under his care. The director will have to account for any of the other profits they might have made while using the secrets acquired from the organization. It, therefore, becomes necessary for the board of directors to take into account section 178(2) when dealing with John (Sheikh, 2013). The director should defend himself on the grounds that he had presented the idea to the board and he had been told it would not be approved. In as far as production of the product it was well in his duty in accordance with section 174, and 175 to take up the deal for himself. When coming up with the verdict for the case study it will be prudent to consider the case of Cooley. In his capacity in the company, he exploited the information he got from the company for personal gain. His conditions, as presented, make a clear example of the exact position that John is in with his company. Following the verdict passed in the case of IDC v Cooley (1972), John should be found guilty of misuse of office and as such ought to pay the profits from the contract. It becomes irrelevant that his actions were not causing the company to lose the deal. The rule of conflict of interest stems from the fact the one might have exploited an opportunity that was rightfully in breach of his position. The opportunity might have gotten it in a way that is legal. The position John held concerning the company gave him the upper hand in the acquisition of the project. He is liable for damages regarding the section of the act that touches on conflict of interest. Following the verdict of Regal (Hastings) v Gulliver, (1942) John should be held liable for his choices. He should pay the company for the damages he inflicted using his profits he accumulated in the project that he got from the deal. The formation of Flush Ltd was for the sole purpose of making sure that the start of the contract with XYZ plc. John created a legal person as a shield against the legal actions with his former company. The action he took the lead to the company losing some of its clients and its long-time partner. All this he did knowing full well that his responsibilities to Shine Ltd would not allow him do what he was doing. The board of shine Ltd should also look into pursuing a lawsuit against Flush Ltd. The reason being that they have violated their position and in the process acquired some of its clients in the process. Following the case of Gilford Motor Co v Horne (1933), the court should grant an injunction against the company from soliciting Shine Ltd clients. References Ashraf, T. (2012). Directors duties with a particular focus on the Companies Act 2006. International Journal of Law and Management , 125-140. Esser, I. M. (2007). The stakeholder debate and directors fiduciary duties. SA Mercantile Law Journal= SA Tydskrif vir Handelsreg , 346-363. Keay, A. (2007). Tackling the issue of the corporate objective: an analysis of the United Kingdoms enlightened shareholder value approach. Sydney L , 577. Lowry, J. (2009). The duty of loyalty of company directors: bridging the accountability gap through efficient disclosure. The Cambridge Law Journal , 607-622. Payne, J. (2008). Legal Capital and Creditor Protection in UK Private Companies. European Company Law , 220-228. Payne, J. (2008). Legal Capital in the UK Following the Companies Act 2006. Sheikh, S. (2013). A guide to the Companies Act 2006. Routledge.

Comparative Essay: The Frog Prince Vs The Princess and The Frog

Produced in 2009, The Frog Princess is a Disney animation inspired by the Grimm Brothers’ fairytale, The Frog Prince. Both The Frog Princess and The Frog Prince deal with a multiplicity of issues, all of which contribute to supporting positive messages and morals (Ceaser, 2009). However, though The Frog Princess is based on a classic fairytale, it is far from being the same. The writers at Disney have taken a classic fairytale and created a â€Å"Monster† (Prince, 2001). This essay will examine the evolution of the original Grimm Brothers’ fairytale, the messages both main characters represent, and how the adaptation to fit a modern child readership diminishes a classic fairytale. Through discussing these arguments, this paper will prove that Disney’s adaptation into The Princess and The Frog is counter-productive in representing the original story’s messages, morals, and values. Fairytales express the creative fantasies of the rural and less educated layers of common man (Cuban, 1984). They are characteristically full of magic, often involving upper class characters (Cuban, 1984). In short, Fairytales are organically grown with the creative material of a collective group. The Grimm Brother’s fairytale, The Frog Prince, is no exception. The Grimm Brothers’ fairytale is about a handsome prince trapped in the repulsive body of a frog, but who nevertheless overcomes and transcends this bewitched state through his wit, perseverance, and magic (Prince, 2009). Until the seventeenth century, it was the adult population that was interested in fairytales (Cuban, 2009). Their allocation to the nursery was a late development (Cuban, 2009). This allocation can be credited to the rejection of the irrational, and development of the ra... ...ntersection of Race and Pop Culture. 13 May 2009. Web. 04 Nov. 2011. . 7. Alexandrova, Marina. "Disney and The American Princess: The Americanization of European Fairy Tales." America: The New Society (2010): 1-77. Print. 8. Tartar, Maria. The Classic Fairy Tales. New York: Norton &, 1999. Print. 9. Ebert, Roger. "The Princess and the Frog." Chicago Sun-Times [Chicago] 9 Dec. 2009: 1-3. Print. 10. Stone, Kay. "Things Walt Disney Never Told Us." The Journal of American Folklore (1975). Print. 11. Barnes, Brooks. "Her Prince Has Come. Critics Too." New York Times [New York] 29 May 2009: 1+. Print. 12. Lester, Neal A. "Disney's The Princess and the Frog: The Pride, the Pressure, and the Politics of Being a First." The Journal of American Culture (2010). Print.

An Analysis of Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd and the Effect of the Credit Crunch on Its Performance

|Dissertation Proposal | |An analysis of Sainsbury’s supermarkets Ltd and the effect of the credit crunch on its performance | |Year: 1 | |Course code:MN5251 | |Assignment No: 1 | |Programme Title: MSc International Management | |Candidate No: 0901143 | | | TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 AIMS OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 LITERATURE REVEIW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 METHODOLOGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 PROPOSED CHAPTER HEADINGS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 REFERECES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 APPENDIX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 1. Introduction This dissertation seeks to examine Sainsbury’s supermarkets plc (Sainsbury’s) as a company and how they can use their established brand to branch out and gain potential growth in the industry, and to explore how they are coping with the recent credit crunch. Sainsbury’s has come a long way from being the market leader to dropping to the third position which it is struggling to maintain. This can be attributed to a series of wrong decisions and lack of foresight leading to their current struggles. They suffered from poor management in the past and this has reflected on their effort to catch up with the industry leaders. In addition, because of the recent credit crunch, banks have cut back on lending to both individuals and firms thereby swaying consumers to demand cheaper products and curb their expenditures. A question springs to mind: prior to the crisis, supermarkets have passed on rising food prices to consumers but now more than ever prices are low, so why the sudden change in tactics? Small businesses are going under due to lack of finance which hinders them from competing and offering low prices but this loss to society becomes a gain to the big supermarkets. Does this mean that the supermarket industry has less risk than other industries or has the supermarket industry adjusted strategically to cope with the global downturn? 2. Background of the study Sainsbury’s supermarket, a subsidiary of J Sainsbury plc was first opened in 1869 and is one of UK’s most reputable stores. They own 509 supermarkets and 276 convenience stores around the UK according to their website and are best known for their quality products that are priced fairly. It operates as an oligopoly where only few firms in the industry have majority of the market shares. Historically they have had the advantage of been in the industry a lot longer than its competitors who have now taken over in both performance and market share. Over a consecutive three month period ending in June 2008, Sainsbury’s reported 3. 4% increase in like-for-like sales which exclude fuel. They have recently boosted their ‘basics’ range in order to meet the growing demand and attract new customers. They have promoted their brand with the help of celebrity chef Jamie Oliver In the current economic climate, the supermarket industry seems not to be affected financially by the lack of global credit but they have had to change their operations strategically to meet the demand of customers in the recent economic downturn. The food industry runs a low risk trade because majority of its products are necessities unlike other industries such as the banking sector who have suffered greatly from the credit crunch e. g. Lehman brothers. Across the continent and the UK, supermarkets have not been adversely affected by the economic crisis. Contrary to the recent events, the supermarket industry has in general employed more staff globally than any other sector. E. g. Asda has pledged to employ 7000 new workers in 2009 (BBC), Tesco also plans to take up 10,000 new workers (Sky News). Some of the supermarkets are making plans to expand and open new stores in the current economic climate impaired with lack of credit. Companies have had to improve efficiency in order to minimise their cost and to increase profitability. 3. The Aims of the research project are to: †¢ Provide an assessment and summary of Sainsbury’s supermarkets plc: -using financial, operational and business performance analysis to compare them against their competitors. †¢ Analyse its position in the industry before and during the credit crunch: – they are currently experiencing increased sales during a recession. †¢ Investigate the reasons why Sainsbury’s is not the market leader: – they were the pioneers of the industry and now they are struggling to maintain third position ranking. Put together recommendations for Sainsbury’s on opportunities available to them that could lead to potential growth and increase customer loyalty: – suggest poss ible solutions and strategies that could help rebrand and reposition them in the industry. Personal aims include: †¢ Gaining more knowledge and skills in performing research through various techniques. †¢ Complete a compulsory component to secure an MSc degree in International Management. The objectives of the research project are to: †¢ Evaluate the supermarket industry. †¢ Examine the role of Sainsbury’s in the industry. †¢ Establish if there are still market growth opportunities. †¢ Accessing the impact of the credit crunch on the industry. Reason behind the recent increase in sales during the credit crunch. †¢ The effectiveness of their marketing strategy and its impact on their sales. †¢ The role and contributions of operations to Sainsbury’s. 4. Literature Review and limitations of the study Sainsbury’s has recently been losing customers to discount stores like Aldi and Lidl who offer lower value products at cheap pr ices and since then the company has rebranded and improved on its financial and operational performance but has still not caught up with the market leader. Their own brand ‘basics’ is a core strength to the business but they seen to be losing the battle of drawing consumers to purchase upscale and premium products from them. Sainsbury’s grew rapidly after its first store was opened but suffered great losses after the Second World War when turnover fell drastically but the company evolved and grew once again till they experienced a change in management style in 1992. David Sainsbury and his successors made great decision mistakes under their administration including the rejection of branching into non-food retailing amongst others. During this downturn, their competitors grew rapidly. An opportunity that needs s to be explored is the increase in demand for organic products while striving to minimise the threat of their lack of international market exposure. It is important to point out that porters 5 forces has some weakness of been static, lacks guidance on how to define an industry and not forward looking. With these flaws, it is also considered to be a useful tool in identifying threats to profitability, strategic planning to outperform rivals and helps to identify less competitive segments. A limitation to the report will be the sample size used which will be small compared to the total population and maybe income, age and taste sensitive. The result from the survey will be biased because it will be focused in the south west region of the UK and only few stores will be used. 5. Methodology and methods The research aims will be achieved with a combination of primary and secondary research 5. 1 Literature review The research method will be reviewing the literature on the supermarket industry with its focus being on Sainsbury’s. This will be achieved from the use of secondary data collected from textbooks and journals through Royal Holloway university library and other relevant resources including the use of commercial databases and internet search engines. The dissertation will adopt a case study method. 5. 2 Data collection and sample This report will use qualitative and quantitative data as sources of primary research. An analysis of original documents will be utilised including carrying out a small sample survey of 30 individuals each for Sainsbury’s and its competitors. This will entail the use of questionnaires with closed questions imputed into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Telephone and face-to-face interviewing techniques will also be used based on having good and reliable contacts within the companies. Data will also be gathered from electronic sources, books, journal articles; news achieves and interviews to. 5. 3 Data analysis A categorisation approach will be adopted where all data collected are grouped according the topic area best suited for its analysis. This report will examine the financial and operational performance of Sainsbury’s in comparison with its competitors. The use of financial information gathered from secondary research, Sainsbury’s and its competitors (such as audited reports) which are less biased will be used to measure the performance of the business. The financial performance will be evaluated using the following: Ratio analysis, Competitor analysis and Financial statements. The operational performance will be analysed by studying the following: Distribution networks, Product quality, Pricing strategies, Promotion strategies and Store location. The report will use the 4-stage model theory to rate the position of Sainsbury’s operation. This will determine where they fit into the model and how to further develop other aspects of their processes which could act as a support to gaining competitive advantage. Strategic analysis theory will be used to evaluate the strategic position of Sainsbury’s in the supermarket industry. These theories will include: Swot analysis, Pest analysis, Porter’s five forces and Risk analysis. The Sources Sainsbury’s website, Tesco, Asda and Morrison’s website, Textbooks, Journals, The World Wide Web, Databases, Royal Holloway University, News achieves and MINTEL. 6. Proposed chapter headings Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Background Chapter 3: Literature review Chapter 4: Methodology Chapter 5: Research results and analysis Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendations References and appendices References Collin Fisher 2007. Researching and Writing a Dissertation: A Guidebook for Business Students. Prentice Hall BBC online Asda creating 7,000 new UK jobs http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/7855482. stm Accessed 28/01/2009 Datamonitor, August 2008. Company Spotlight: Sainsbury’s http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? id=22&hid=16&sid=fc656bea-c31c-4043-bbc3-82640ca0cf52%40sessionmgr7 www. sainsburys. co. uk Wheelwright, S. and Hayes, R. (1985) Competing through manufacturing in Harvard Business Review, (Jan-Feb), pp. 99-109. Sky News Tesco to create 10,000 new j obs http://news. sky. com/skynews/Home/Business/Tesco-To-Create-10000-Jobs-But-Posts-Poor-Christmas-Sales-Figures/Article/200901215202210. Accessed 20/01/2009 Appendix Timetable of dissertation 30th of January, 2009: proposal deadline February 2009: – week 1-2: collect literature papers – week 3-4: review research methods literature and research strategy March 2009: – week 1-2: design questionnaires forms – week 3-4: examine literature review April 2009: week 1-4: contact company to make appointment schedules – week 3-4: revise the questions of questionnaires May 2009: – week 2-3: formal proceeding with questionnaires – week 4: final collection of questionnaire and analyse of primary data from the case company June 2009: – week 1-4: start writing dissertation – week 1-4: keep refining dissertation writing and start to finalise dissertation write up July 2009: – week 4: start proofreading, finalise dissertation wri te up – week 4: buffer for contingency and start up the plan of dissertation binding August 2009: – week 1: finalise dissertation binding – week 2: preparation for submission deadline

Nobody Makes Bad Progress

Nobody Makes Bad Progress Nobody Makes â€Å"Bad Progress† Nobody Makes â€Å"Bad Progress† By Maeve Maddox Three times during a radio interview, a White House spokesman stated that something was â€Å"making good progress.† It occurred to me how often I hear the expression â€Å"good progress† uttered by politicians and administrators of various stripes. We are making good progress towards introducing a bill that will advance that goal.- A US senator. U.S. Department of Education Secretary Arne Duncan acknowledged that [our state] is making good progress on our Race to the Top plans.- A state governor. We have been making good progress in three important areas.- A school principal. FTA is making good progress on developing more detailed guidance on which we will seek comment in the near future.- An FTA spokesman. The word progress, both noun and verb, derives from the Latin verb progredi: â€Å"to go forward, proceed, advance.† The English noun progress is defined as â€Å"the process of a series of actions through time.† As a verb, progress means, â€Å"to proceed, advance,† â€Å"to follow an expected course or pattern.† â€Å"Good progress† is bureaucratic-speak. It sounds good without meaning anything. It’s enough to say, â€Å"The FTA is making progress on developing more detailed guidance.† Progress may be rapid, slow, encouraging, delayed, or uncertain, but to say it is good is to pad language. â€Å"Good progress† is often accompanied by other meaningless phrases like â€Å"in the near future,† and â€Å"grounds for optimism.† Ordinary speakers may be forgiven for using the occasional clichà ©, but politicians and others who wish to advance themselves by swaying public opinion should be aware that coming from them, â€Å"good progress† signals a desire to avoid specifics. Note: The pronunciation of progress differs, according to whether it is used as a noun or as a verb. progress (noun): PRAH-gres (American); PRO-gres (British) progress (verb): pruh-GRES Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Homogeneous vs. HeterogeneousPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

Free Essays on Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau (from French for â€Å"new art†), movement in Western art and design, which reached its peak during the 1890s. Hallmarks of the art nouveau style are flat, decorative patterns; intertwined organic forms such as stems or flowers; an emphasis on handcrafting as opposed to machine manufacturing; the use of new materials; and the rejection of earlier styles. In general, sinuous, curving lines also characterize art nouveau, although right-angled forms are also typical, especially as the style was practiced in Scotland and in Austria. Art nouveau embraced all forms of art and design: architecture, furniture, glassware, graphic design, jewelry, painting, pottery, metalwork, and textiles. This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art into the distinct categories of fine art (painting and sculpture) and applied arts (ceramics, furniture, and other practical objects). The term art nouveau comes from an art gallery in Paris, France, called Maison de l'Art Nouveau (House of New Art), which was run by French dealer Siegfried Bing. In his gallery, Bing displayed not only paintings and sculpture but also ceramics, furniture, metalwork, and Japanese art. Sections of the gallery were devoted to model rooms that artists and architects designed in the art nouveau style. Art nouveau flourished in a number of European countries, many of which developed their own names for the style. Art nouveau was known in France as style Guimard, after French designer Hector Guimard; in Italy as the stile floreale (floral style) or stile Liberty, after British art nouveau designer Arthur Lasenby Liberty; in Spain as modernisme; in Austria as Sezessionstil (secession style); and in Germany as Jugendstil (youth style). These diverse names reflect the widespread adoption of the movement, which had centers in major cities all over Europe- Paris and Nancy in France; Darmstadt and Munich in Germany; Brussels, Belgium; Glasgow, Scotland; ... Free Essays on Art Nouveau Free Essays on Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (from French for â€Å"new art†), movement in Western art and design, which reached its peak during the 1890s. Hallmarks of the art nouveau style are flat, decorative patterns; intertwined organic forms such as stems or flowers; an emphasis on handcrafting as opposed to machine manufacturing; the use of new materials; and the rejection of earlier styles. In general, sinuous, curving lines also characterize art nouveau, although right-angled forms are also typical, especially as the style was practiced in Scotland and in Austria. Art nouveau embraced all forms of art and design: architecture, furniture, glassware, graphic design, jewelry, painting, pottery, metalwork, and textiles. This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art into the distinct categories of fine art (painting and sculpture) and applied arts (ceramics, furniture, and other practical objects). The term art nouveau comes from an art gallery in Paris, France, called Maison de l'Art Nouveau (House of New Art), which was run by French dealer Siegfried Bing. In his gallery, Bing displayed not only paintings and sculpture but also ceramics, furniture, metalwork, and Japanese art. Sections of the gallery were devoted to model rooms that artists and architects designed in the art nouveau style. Art nouveau flourished in a number of European countries, many of which developed their own names for the style. Art nouveau was known in France as style Guimard, after French designer Hector Guimard; in Italy as the stile floreale (floral style) or stile Liberty, after British art nouveau designer Arthur Lasenby Liberty; in Spain as modernisme; in Austria as Sezessionstil (secession style); and in Germany as Jugendstil (youth style). These diverse names reflect the widespread adoption of the movement, which had centers in major cities all over Europe- Paris and Nancy in France; Darmstadt and Munich in Germany; Brussels, Belgium; Glasgow, Scotland; ...

How Big Global Businesses Compare Research Paper

How Big Global Businesses Compare - Research Paper Example Such results buoyed by strong growth in sales in North America. Thus, the revenue grew to three point eight billion euros. Due to the last year of the considerable change and reinvention, it enabled the company to expect the upcoming 2015 year to be a year of execution with expects annual sales to grow in all sectors, networks, mapping services, technologies and patents (Huuhtanen, 2015). While Nokia holds thirty-nine percent of the world market, it still faces severe competition from such companies as Apple and Google, which entered the market with their high-end products in 2007. Organizational culture is an important factor that influences companies in various contexts. Thus, it is important for establishing competitive advantages and it also impacts on organizational performance. The interest in culture has led to the development of different models, which aim is to explain organizational culture and its relevance for organizations (Dauber, Fink & Yolles, 2012). It is assumed that there are three models of culture within organization, which are the artifacts, the values and the assumed values. Schein believes that artifacts of the company are its dress code, work process and organizational structure. Business goals and strategies as well as company’s philosophies are the espoused values, which should be supported by the way company performs its activities and how these activities are managed. All shared values within the organization constitute assumptions of the company. While using Scheins model, business are able to understand cultural elements o f their organization and be  able to analyze the relationship between assumptions and common business practices. Using models gives possibility to change the basic assumptions of a given culture and hence improve the effectiveness of the company as well (Madu, 2011). Thus, for Apple, the main competitor of Nokia Company, the model of culture includes people with their innovative approach to the development of

Information management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Information management - Essay Example Its primary focus in the past years has been becoming a wellness, health and a nutrition company through the new acquisitions and existing brands (Dickersbach et al. 2009, p181). The brand portfolio of Nestle covers almost all the beverage and food categories. These categories include nutrition (healthcare, infant, weight and performance management), dairy and milk products, breakfast cereals, ice cream, beverages, coffee, chocolate, culinary products (cooking aids, prepared dishes, sauces), pet care, bottled water, and confectionery. Many of these brands have category leadership in the local and global market. Among the international best-known brands include Nestea, Purina, Nescafe, Maggi, Nestle and Buitoni. Revenues for Nestle exceeded 100 billion United States dollars for the year 2007 (Dickersbach et al. 2009, p181). The company is run through a decentralized group of companies that promote and rely on the organizational learning of the Group. The headquarter offers guidance, consultancy, and leadership to the local and regional organizations. Identification of the opportunities within the Businesses and Markets are done by the central competence units and they help the local management in the improvement of business performance (Dickersbach et al. 2009, p181). The company has numerous supply chains, a number of methods for predicting demand and infinite variety of ways of collecting payments and invoicing customers. The complexity of these processes has become very difficult to manage and they have been a bottleneck for the company. The Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Chief Executive, Peter Brabeck standardized the operations around the world in 2003 in order to overcome some of the difficulties faced by the company. GLOBE (Global Business Excellence programme) was then initiated and its aim was to bring all the Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s operations to utilize a single computer system for all of its financial, manufacturing and sales operations (Barnes

Youth Unemployment in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Youth Unemployment in UK - Essay Example According to the report, which defines youth as the age between 16 to 24 years, individuals claiming allowances for jobseekers rose from 5,300 to 1.6 million in October 2011. In general, the rate of youth unemployment has gone just past twenty percent, the highest ever recorded since 1992. Some economists have attributed these results to the reeling effects of the 2009 recession to the increase in the number of youths leaving school or university. That is the convectional belief. The government of UK blames the rise in unemployment on the deteriorating job market and the effects of the euro-zone debt crisis. Chris Graylin, employment minister, gave a statement blaming the euro-zone troubles for increasing unemployment rates. Graylin called for the government to help the youth through schemes such as the government initiated work experience and work program that have placed several people out of benefits into workplaces. Lord Oakeshott, a Liberal Democrat, dismisses the ministerâ€⠄¢s view blaming the government policy of cutting spending as reason behind the rise (Shimer, 2010:45). He says that the government has been cutting its spending budget too fast and too far, pushing the rate of borrowing and unemployment high. The recent employment scheme adopted by the government, the New Deal, has the objective of reducing the long-term unemployment rates among older workers and youths. The scheme includes employment training and employment subsidies for the participants. There is need to define unemployment in order to understand the issues of youth unemployment. According to International Labor Organization, unemployment is actively searching for economic employment/ work without success. Some economic critics claim that there are jobs for the youth; it is only that the youth are not willing to work hard and are unreliable. A recent feature in the Telegram by Alasdair Palmer concerning the recent report by ONS, the author of the feature gives an example of emplo yer from a fruit grower company complaining about the lack of English recruits in the region’s labor market (Palmer, 2011:21). The fruit grower has 300 workers in the farm, and only one is English. According to the fruit grower, the jobs are there but the English are not willing to drop the unemployment benefits they enjoy and some request to be paid cash. The author goes ahead and gives another industry where Briton youths are unemployed: bars and restaurants. According to the author, Britons youths are unreliable and rude to customers. An analyst would most likely advocate for abolition of minimum wage or temporary imposition of moratorium on it to create more employment opportunities. Nevertheless, this has not been any successful, at least in research. A research by Institute of Fiscal Studies indicates that the minimum wage system has no direct effect to the level of unemployment. The report raises concerns that withdrawal of the benefits upon taking a job and reduction of the minimum wage rate would result to inability of people to live on the offered amount sustainably (Boeri & Ours, 2008:44). According to Dr Jonathan Wadsworth from London School of Economics, the youth do not lack employment because they are work shy or because of the minimum wage. According to him, the employees are not willing to employ them. Older people already in work positions have accepted pay cuts and pay freeze in order to maintain their jobs. This means that most employees have managed to maintain their job position, resulting to the low rate of unemployment that resulted from the recession. Despite this, the result means that employers have not been absorbing new employees who are traditionally youth. Such policies are the causes of

Early Childhood Influences Your Outcome in Life Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Influences Your Outcome in Life Essay In the early years of your childhood, is the time when you learn most of your traits that will make you who you are for the rest of your life. Whether your parents held you enough when you are a child can determine if you are successful in life, or if you drop out of high school and start beating your wife and kids. If you teach your kids when they are little to tie their shoes or to spell their name than they are more likely to like school, your culture can determine whether they do well in school or if they don’t understand from the beginning. Some researchers say that if you have a good parent that loves you, spends time with you, or well if they really just help you out while you are a child your child has a better chance at doing well at school because they aren’t starting so far behind. If you have a low economic standing than child usually just fall back into the gangs, or drugs because they don’t have the support to stop and get out. Your outcome in life almost always stems from how you are treated as a child. When you start school you are thrown into a mix of people, some can read already and write while others don’t even know their name. If you start kindergarten and you are already so far behind than it’s hard to catch back up. If the child wasn’t shown their numbers before because their parents didn’t help them very much while they were growing up. If as a parent you isolate your children by not educating them or leaving them by themselves while doing homework than they’re going to have a hard time trying to figure out what to do, and they know that their parents aren’t there to check in on the homework. Michael Thompson, Ph.D. A parent may be working out of the home, or need to be working in the home and cooking dinner. So if you are home, stay close, and if you are not there, have another adult check to make sure its going OK. And remember that all homework is not equal, so not everything will need your rapt attention. Research says that you need to have some interaction while the child is doing their homework. Whenever you send the children away to school yes they are away but you need to help and stay informed because it isn’t always the students fault that they are getting in trouble maybe they just don’t understand something or the teacher isn’t explaining it the way they need to learn it. As a parent you need to help your children out because it will affect their outcome in life, because if every time they try and ask a question and the teacher yells at them obviously they aren’t going to ask; but if as a parent they stay informed with the teacher than the parent can help on the home end too. Socioeconomic standing is very important to how a child will develop. In low socioeconomic areas there is very poor education, low parental control, and a high gang/violence rate. If you are brought up with only knowing the life of the streets you have a higher percentage of staying there. This is because you are â€Å"born into it†, if you have the ability to go to a high achieving school get good grades and have peers that do the same then obviously you are going to do better. For an example I inserted the graph above if you are born into a higher-class family you are more than likely going to stay there, but if you are born into a lower class family you are more likely to stay there (graph found on You’re Born Into It America sited in the bibliography). There is the example of gang violence, which is an element that thrives in the lower class; it gives power, brotherhood, family and money. Gangs are a large part of what hold some of the brightest people back. In California alone males ranging from 7th-12th grade 50.9% of males were associated with gangs; that was in 2010. Living in a socioeconomically depressed neighborhood makes it hard enough to get out and make it on your own but the fact that there are gangs influencing these minors left and right make it even harder. A great example of someone growing out of a socioeconomically depressed neighborhood is Julian Castro who was the first Latino keynote speaker at the Democratic National Convention. Castro was raised in San Antonio by a single mother who worked her hardest to proved all she could for her two sons. Julian and his brother Joaquà ­n both worked very hard to get out of their depressed area so that they could provide for their mother. They both graduated from high school and were accepted to Stanford, then to Harvard. These to Hispanics made the choice to be hard working and expand their view on living, they knew there was more to life than not having anything. One of the main reasons they were able to do so well is that their mother and grandmother helped them as much as they could. Julian became the first keynote speaker to be a Latino because he wanted to beat the odds; he did not want to end up like the people he saw around him. Another great story is President Barak Obama’s he was born in Hawaii, his father and mother both left him to be brought up by his grandparents. They did not have very much money and Barry had to find his own way to pay for college since no one set that up for him. Obama had a very hard life growing up, working multiple jobs, keeping his grades up, studying for tests and trying to get scholarships so he could go to college. He did it though, and now he is the most important man in the United States and possibly the world. He worked his way out of the life he had as a child and did not want that life for his future children. In president Obama’s speech after the 2012 election he said â€Å"†¦you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the united states of America, the best is yet to come.† He was speaking of each persons individual journey in this country, you have the choice to grow up and try and your hardest to make a better life for yourself even if your parents are not there all the time. The U.S.’s census bureau reported that around 30% of families in America are being headed by a single parent. These houses may be dysfunctional and â€Å"doomed to failure† (usg.org) but many people that have grown up in a single parent home have had just as much attention as someone that has two parents. In America, 22 million children have a one-parent household, a mother runs 83% of those houses and half of those mothers do not receive any type of child support to help out. Not receiving child support have put 70% of single parent moms in poverty making on average $13,00 annually. Currently there are over 9.8 million mothers as a single parent. Living in that type of poverty is hard to do but plenty of people are able to do it and grow up and become an amazing person with a great future. The people who say that because they live in poverty they are always going to be poor are going to stay there because it takes hard work and dedication to grow out of the socioeconom ically depressed neighborhood you grew up in. In 2000 the National Assessment of Educational Progress found that 90% of 4th grade parents participated in parent-teacher conferences among the 8th grade that number dropped to about 57%. Parents believe that once you are in middle school you can do your homework by yourself because the parents are not helpful since they do not remember it themselves. In elementary school parents are totally involved since everyone is still a â€Å"child† but you do not grow out of adolescence till you are 18 because you are not a legal adult so parents should be helping their children out till they are a senior in high school because that is why you have parents. Many schools do not even reach out to a parent if their child is failing or being suspended, because well they are an adult now. It is said that most children who have a strong parental backing through high school will do better in college. The students who have a parent helping them choose the road they follow 97% of the time make better choices when it comes to drugs, sex and partying in college. In Isanti County only 69% of parents attend conferences while the percent for lower grades is higher. Researchers say its because in elementary schools teachers have on average 20-30 children total while middle and high school teachers have over 120 students so its a lot harder to keep in touch with parents. That is why parents need to stay involved with their child’s education. Your childhood has influences on your outcome in life of course but you can change the out come of your life and make it what ever you want it to be. Being born into poverty does not mean you have to stay there the rest of your life. Parental involvement and personal goals are how you change your outcome. Obama and the Castro twins are perfect depictions of how goals that are met can make you what ever you would like to become. References Barack Obama Biography Facts, Birthday, Life Story Biography.com . (n.d.). Famous Biographies TV Shows Biography.com. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://www.biography.com/people/barack-obama-12782369?page=3 Julian Castro Biography Facts, Birthday, Life Story Biography.com. (n.d.). Famous Biographies TV Shows Biography.com. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http://www.biography.com/people/julian-castro-20967527 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Emerging Trends. (n.d.). FBI. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment 774,000 gang members and 27,900 gangs active in the US: Crime News à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Crime in America.Net. (n.d.). Crime in America.Net: Crime, Violent Crime, Criminals, Crime News, Statistics and Research. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://crimeinamerica.net/2010/04/01/774000-gang-members-and-27900-gangs-active-in-the-us-crime-news/ Adolescence: Are Parents Relevant to Students High School Achievement and Post-Secondary Attainment? / Browse Our Publications / Publications Resources / HFRP Harvard Family Research Project. (n.d.). HFRP Home / HFRP Harvard Family Research Project. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://www.hfrp.org/publications-resources/browse-our-publications/adolescence-are-parents-relevant-to-students-high-school-achievement-and-post-secondary-attainment El ementary, r. U. (n.d.). Reports of Gang Membership, by Gender and Grade Level: 2008-2010 Kidsdata.org . Kidsdata: Data and Resources about the Health of Children . Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http://www.kidsdata.org/data/topic/table/gang-gender.aspx?f=1loc=2,127,347,1763,331,348,336,171,321,345,357,332,324,369,358,362,360,337,327,364,356,217,353,328,354,323,352,320,339,334,365,343,330,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,333,322,3 Helping With Homework. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http://www.pbs.org/parents/goingtoschool/helping_homework.html Living With One Parent Vertical Thought | United Church of God. (n.d.). United Church of God. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http://www.ucg.org/marriage-and-family/living-one-parent/ President ObamaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€ž ¢s Election Night Speech Video Feature NYTimes.com. (n.d.). The New York Times Breaking News, World News Multimedia. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com /interactive/2012/11/06/us/politics/06-obama-election-night-speech.html Sias, E. (n.d.). Concerns discussed with low parent-teacher conference attendance in Braham | The Isanti County News. The Isanti County News. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from http://isanticountynews.com/2012/11/20/concerns-discussed-with-low-parent-tea